Commercial copying charges hit European academics

Fraud and ethics charges hit stroke drug trial.

European biotech hasn't hit the street.

Some 40 years ago, Soviet President Nikita Krushchev made the bold prediction that within the following 10 years the socialist economy of the Soviet Union would out-compete the capitalist economy of the USA in terms of per capita income, economic welfare, growth and high technology. About three years ago, European statesmen met in Lisbon, Portugal, and agreed on an agenda to set high expectatio...

European environmental taxes and charges: recent experience, issues and trends

The use of environmental taxes and charges in OECD countries increased by over 50% between 1987 and 1994. While revenues raised by environmental taxes and charges remain small relative to overall taxation, they comprise a rising proportion in most European countries. Several European countries have either undertaken or are considering systematic shifts in taxes away from labour and onto the use...

Strategic Groups in European Commercial Banking

Despite contrary expectations of both researchers and practitioners, the European monetary union has so far not led to a discernable convergence of the roles of commercial banks in different European financial systems. This empirical study aims to shed more light on these structural differences by analysing the strategic positions of 624 commercial banks from 12 European countries. Based solely...

Commercial Bank Non-interest Fee Charges: Are Fee Charges Different between Islamic Banks and Conventional Banks? Evidence from Bangladesh

In the Western world, consumers complain about the soaring of non-interest bank fees during the recent years, the post global financial crisis in particular. Commercial banks charge a variety of non-interest fees for their transactions. This paper empirically tests whether the free charges are significantly different between conventional commercial banks and interest free Islamic banks. The ave...